Abstract: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. The majority of patients with irregular heartbeat or abnormal heart rhythm can be diagnosed as having AF. Recent research has begun to focus on the pathophysiology of AF in asymptomatic early stages. It has been found that fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress are closely related to AF. The related biomarkers have been shown valuable in predicting the occurrence and prognosis of AF. Changes in serum biomarkers are strong predictors of the occurrence and prognosis of AF. Biomarkers as an economical, non-invasive, and safe test can help clinicians identify at-risk populations. Biomarkers help in early diagnosis, disease prevention, drug target identification, and drug response.