Abstract: MicroRNAs are a class of endogenous and non-coding short-length RNAs (17-25 nt). MicroRNAs act as post-transcriptional negative regulators of gene expression, which is important in the regulation of growth, development and various pathological progresses. Recent studies show that microRNAs are important in the regulation of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) such as apoptosis, heat shock protein, ion channel, cell survival pathway and potential therapeutic targets for treatment. These studies provide a new approach to the treatment of MIRI.