Abstract: AIM:To evaluate the training effectiveness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills in community residents. METHODS: Experimental group consisted of family members of heart disease patients and control group were recruited from the general population. Training effectiveness for both groups was assessed by comparison of indexes such as CPR knowledge, accuracy of evaluation of vital signs and CPR technical manipulation. RESULTS: All indexes of experimental group were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05) especially in CPR technical manipulation, accuracy of vital signs’ judgment, cardiac compression and artificial respiration. The training effect of the experimental group was much better than that of control group. CONCLUSION: To enhance the successful rate of pre-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation, tailored training in first-aid or other kinds of health improvement educational activities for community residents should be provided to specified groups, particularly to middle-aged and elderly close relatives of heart disease patients.