Abstract: AIM To explore the effect of bisoprolol on anti-β1-adrenoceptor (β1-AR) autoantibody-positive rats with heart failure. METHODS A model of SD rats with heart failure was established by constricting the abdominal aorta. The rats were randomly divided into two groups: 40 rats in bisoprolol treatment group and 25 rats in no bisoprolol treatment group. The positive rate and the titer of serum anti-β1-AR autoantibody were detected by ELISA. The heart function before and 4 weeks after treatment was examined by biofunctional system. RESULTS ①In bisoprolo treatment group, left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) of the anti-β1-AR autoantibody-positive rats was lower than that of autoantibody-negative rats and the speed of left ventricular dp/dtmax of the anti-β1-AR autoantibody-positive rats was higher than that of autoantibody-negative rats, with no significant difference. In no bisoprolo treatment group, heart function of autoantibody-positive rats was worse than that of anti-β1-AR autoantibody-negative rats. Their LVEDP increased (P<0.01) and left ventricular dp/dtmax decreased (P<0.05). ②LVEDP of anti-β1-AR autoantibody-positive rats with heart failure in bisoprolol treatment group was lower than that of anti-β1-AR autoantibody-positive rats in no bisoprolol treatment group and their left ventricular dp/dtmax increased obviously (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS After bisoprolol treatment, the heart function of anti-β1-AR autoantibody-positive rats with heart failure in bisoprolol treatment group is more obviously improved than that of anti-β1-AR autoantibody- positive rats in no bisoprolol treatment group. In bisoprolol treatment group, LVEDP of anti-β1-AR autoantibody-positive rats with heart failure is lower and left ventricular dp/dtmax is higher, compared with those autoantibody-negative rats.