Abstract: AIM:Particulate matters in inhaled air are increasingly considered as the main culprit for the pollutionrelated increase in global mortality, particularly the smaller particles of <2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter. There is unequivocal evidence that mechanisms such as inflammation, oxidative stress, atherosclerosis, thrombogenesis and autonomic dysregulation interplay to increase cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in persons exposed acutely and chronically to air pollution. Increased cardiovascular risks related to air pollution, however, could be avoided to some extent.