Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRNA) are a class of endogenous highly conserved, small, noncoding RNA molecules, which control the expression of genes at the post-transcriptional level through degradation of messenger RNA and inhibits its translation. They are involved in cell growth, development, differentiation, proliferation and other life processes. miR-126 is a kind of specific miRNA, which is closely related to hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have shown that miR-126 can significantly affect the incidence and development of cardiovascular diseases. More so, it can also influence the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, the relationship between miR-126 and cardiovascular diseases was reviewed.