Abstract: AIM Analysis of serum endoplasmic reticulum stress protein CHOP in patients with acute myocardial infarction within 24 hours after onset. METHODS 90 patients admitted to the hospital with acute myocardial infarction, patients with peripheral venous blood within 24 hours after onset, the serum CHOP concentrations of 90 patients were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). According to the measured CHOP concentration, a median of 1.24 ng/ml was divided into two groups of <1.24 ng/ml group (low expression group, n=43) and ≥ 1.24 ng/ml group(high expression group, n=47), clinical basic data, laboratory test data, and image data were collected and analyzed by univariate analysis, multivariate analysis, and inter-index correlation analysis. RUSULTS Univariate analysis only found that the total cholesterol (TC) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels in the high expression group were significantly higher than those in the low expression group (P<0.01, P<0.05, respectively); A multivariate logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis. The OR (95%CI) of TC was 10.492(2.568-42.871), P<0.01. TC was an independent correlate factor of CHOP. Analysis of the correlation between the indices found that the CHOP level was positively correlated with TC and LDL cholesterol (r=0.606, P<0.01, and r=0.288, P<0.05). CONCLUSION The serum TC level in patients with acute myocardial infarction is an independent correlate factor of CHOP.