Abstract: The important task of the military medical colleges is to cultivate high-quality medical professionals. The present study deeply analyzed the problems existing in the teaching incentive system in China's higher education institutions. Taking the teacher incentive strategy of the Air Force Medical University as an example, this paper discussed how to optimize the teaching incentive strategy by strengthening the school's understanding of the importance of undergraduate education, reasonably setting the proportion of teaching and scientific research achievements in teacher grade evaluation, establishing a reasonable teaching effectiveness evaluation system, increasing teaching supervision, promoting the professional development of teachers, establishing a teaching honor system, and a teaching reward system. The results of 194 questionnaires showed that teachers were generally satisfied with the setting of teaching and research indicators in the current professional title evaluation, while young teachers had a stronger and clearer belief in engaging in national defense and health education, and their ability and motivation to engage in education had improved. This article plays a positive role in promoting the establishment and improvement of the teaching incentive system in aerospace military medical colleges.