Abstract: NLRP3 inflammasome is a kind of polyprotein complex, which provides a reaction platform for quickly inducing the inflammatory response to infection and sterile injury. Studies have shown that NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular events, and the research and development of its inhibitors have become a hotspot in the field of cardiovascular disease treatment. Taking NLRP3 as the starting point, this paper summarizes the activation mechanism, key regulatory role of NLRP3 in the cardiovascular system and the latest research progress of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, in order to provide reference for the research and development of anti-inflammatory drugs targeting NLRP3 inflammasome for cardiovascular diseases.