Abstract: Aerospace biodynamics is an important professional basic course for aerospace medicine with the characteristics of combining medicine and engineering. The content of the course is complex and the knowledge points are relatively abstract, which affects the teaching effect to a certain extent. In this study, the chapter “Effect of Weightlessness on Cardiovascular Functions” was selected as a pilot course in which a teaching mode based on mind mapping was adopted. It is found that the teaching based on mind maps has stimulated students’ enthusiasm for professional course learning, efficiently integrated and optimized learning resources and strengthened students’ logical thinking and comprehensive analysis capabilities, thus enhancing the quality of course teaching. The article introduces the specific implementation of the teaching mode of mind maps, taking the three core knowledge points of “Effect of Weightlessness on Cardiovascular Functions” as an example and showing how to use mind maps to help students to grasp the overall framework of the chapter content and the logical relationships between the various knowledge points. Although further research is needed, the “teacher-led, mind mapping-assisted, student-centered and ability-oriented” mind map teaching model provides a reference for the teaching reform of aerospace medicine and can be widely applied in the whole curriculum.