Abstract: Aerospace physiology is one of the main courses of aerospace medicine and it is also one of the key courses for training the aerospace medical talents. In order to train the post-oriented competence of the students, research-based teaching was used in the aerospace physiology course. In research-based teaching, topics discussion, comprehensive case analysis and "opening" paper writing were added to the conventional classroom teaching. The evaluation of this course was changed to better reflect the comprehensive learning effects. The results show that the research-based teaching not only improves the learning interests of the students, but also promotes the construction of personal knowledge system and improves the students’ ability of solving practical problems. Improving teachers’ comprehensive quality and establishing professional information resource base would be helpful to better perform research-based teaching.