Abstract: Hypertension is an important risk factor leading to the development of cardiovascular disease. The main mechanism of target organ damage such as the heart, the brain and the kidneys caused by hypertension is the occurrence of arterial stiffness, atherosclerosis, stenosis and occlusion in blood vessels. Pulse wave velocity and ankle-brachial index are early important indicators for assessing arterial stiffness and one of the detection parameters for subclinical target organ damage. The aim of this review is to investigate the early diagnosis of arteriosclerosis in hypertensive patients by pulse wave velocity and ankle-brachial index in order to guide the early prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in hypertensive patients.