Abstract: Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common arrhythmia. The disease and its associated complications seriously threaten human health and life safety, so it is particularly important to reduce the risk of atrial fibrillation. In recent years, the influence of various metabolic risk factors on atrial fibrillation has received extensive attention. Previous studies have shown that metabolic syndrome and its components (such as obesity, hypertension and insulin resistance, etc.) are important risk factors for atrial fibrillation, but the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. This article reviews advances in metabolic risk factors and pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation, which provides help for clinical prevention and treatment of atrial fibrillation.