Abstract: AIM To observe the efficacy and safety of dabigatran combined with aspirin in the treatment of non-valvular atrial fibrillation. METHODS Eighty-four cases of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation from April 2012 to March 2013 were divided into observation group (dabigatran combined with aspirin), dabigatran group (DE group) and warfarin group for anti-coagulation. The incidence of transient ischemic attack (TIA), cerebral embolism, pulmonary embolism, cerebral hemorrhage, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, death and other end point events were observed with 1-year follow-up. Related coagulation parameters and product safety were also observed. RESULTS The incidence of TIA and cerebral embolism in observation group was significantly lower than that in the warfarin group (P<0.05). No significant difference was seen between observation group and DE group. The incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the observation group was significantly higher than in the DE group and warfarin group (P<0.05). The incidence of TIA, cerebral embolism, cerebral hemorrhage, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding in DE group were significantly lower than those in warfarin group (P<0.05). The coagulation parameters of prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), international standardization ratio (INR) and activation of blood coagulation time (APTT) were significantly increased after treatment in all three groups (P<0.05). No adverse events such as serious hemorrhage, liver and kidney damage occurred. CONCLUSION Dabigatran combined with aspirin can effectively decrease the incidence of stroke and embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. The efficacy of combined therapy is not superior to that of dabigatran alone and has an increased risk of bleeding.