胆固醇代谢在失重/模拟失重心血管重塑中的作用

    The role of cholesterol in cardiovascular remodeling during weightlessness or simulated weightlessness

    • 摘要: 胆固醇是重要的脂质成分之一,既介导细胞膜的流动性,也作为信号分子参与众多代谢途径。同时,是合成胆汁酸、类固醇激素、维生素D的前体物质。胆固醇的摄取、合成、酯化、转运、运输、转化等过程受到严密调控,可通过促进动脉斑块形成、脂筏结构紊乱、炎症反应等机制在心血管疾病(cardiovascular diseases, CVDs)发生发展中发挥重要作用。失重/模拟失重时的血流动力学、代谢水平和神经内分泌系统改变,可能提高血液和组织胆固醇水平,参与心血管结构与功能重塑过程,中外航天医务保障均提出将航天员胆固醇摄入控制在较低水平。本综述总结胆固醇代谢的过程和调控及其生理病理作用,阐述其与心血管调节的关系,总结其在失重/模拟失重中的变化及其在心血管重塑中的作用。

       

      Abstract: Cholesterol (CHO) is a crucial component of lipids that maintains the fluidity of cell membranes. Meanwhile, CHO regulates various signaling pathways underpinning generation of bile acids, steroid hormones and vitamin D. The strict control over cholesterol’s uptake, synthesis, esterification, movement, transport, and transformation plays a significant role in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) through mechanisms such as promoting arterial plaque formation, disrupting lipid raft structure, and inducing inflammatory responses. Exposure to weightlessness or simulated weightlessness can elevate CHO levels in serum and tissues, primarily due to changes in hemodynamics, energy metabolism, and the neuroendocrine system. This shift triggers cardiovascular remodeling, prompting medical recommendations for a relatively low dietary CHO intake for astronauts both at home and abroad. This review provides a comprehensive overview of CHO metabolism and its regulation. Furthermore, it delves into the role of CHO in CVDs and the cardiovascular adaptations observed during weightlessness or simulated weightlessness.

       

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