AIM To investigate the levels of serum miR-224-5p and miR-106a-5p in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and their relationship with short-term prognosis.

METHODS One hundred and seventy-three CHF patients who received treatment in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2023 were included in the study. They were divided into good prognosis group (98 cases) and poor prognosis group (75 cases) based on their prognosis. Eighty-nine healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations served as the control group. QRT-PCR method was used to measure and compare the levels of serum miR-224-5p and miR-106a-5p and Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between serum miR-224-5p and miR-106a-5p levels and their correlation with cardiac function indicators. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of poor prognosis in CHF patients and ROC was applied to analyze the diagnostic value of serum NT-proBNP, miR-224-5p and miR-106a-5p levels for poor prognosis in CHF patients.

RESULTS Compared with the control group, the serum miR-224-5p level in the study group was significantly increased, while the serum miR-106a-5p level was significantly decreased (both P<0.01).The cardiac output (CO), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and miR-106a-5p of the good prognosis group were significantly higher than those of the poor prognosis group. The left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left atrial diameter (LAD), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), NT proBNP, and miR-224-5p were significantly lower than those of the poor prognosis group (all P<0.01); The serum miR-224-5p levels in the poor prognosis group were negatively correlated with miR-106a-5p levels, CO, and LVEF, and positively correlated with LVEDD, LAD, LVPW, LVMI, and NT proBNP. miR-106a-5p levels were positively correlated with CO and LVEF, and negatively correlated with LVEDD, LAD, LVPW, LVMI, and NT proBNP (all P<0.01); Logistic analysis showed that CO (P<0.05), LVEF (P<0.05), and miR-106a-5p (P<0.01) were protective factors for poor prognosis in CHF patients, while LVEDD, LAD, LVPW, LVMI, NT proBNP, and miR-224-5p were risk factors for poor prognosis in CHF patients (all P<0.05). ROC analysis showed that the AUC values of serum NT proBNP, miR-224-5p, and miR-106a-5p levels for diagnosing poor prognosis in CHF patients were 0.859, 0.854, and 0.869, respectively. The AUC value for the combined diagnosis of the three was 0.938, which was significantly higher than that for the individual diagnosis of the three (all P<0.05).

CONCLUSION The serum miR-224-5p level is prominently up-regulated and miR-106a-5p level is prominently down-regulated in CHF patients, both are closely related to cardiac function indicators. Their combination with NT-proBNP has good diagnostic value for poor prognosis in CHF patients.