Abstract: The incidence of heart failure in our country continues to rise, with a high and persistent mortality rate. Patients with heart failure have a constant low-level inflammation in the heart, but currently there is no intervention strategy specifically targeting cardiac inflammation. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), owing to their anti-inflammatory and immune modulatory properties, possess the capability to regulate both innate immunity (comprising of macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells and dendritic cells, etc.) and adaptive immunity (encompassing T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes) via diverse signaling pathways. This regulation plays a pivotal role in preserving immune homeostasis and potentially enhancing the structure and function of compromised hearts, thus highlighting the promising clinical applications of MSCs in treating a wide range of inflammatory ailments. Numerous clinical studies have shown that MSCs therapy can regulate cardiac inflammation, effectively reverse ventricular remodeling and improve cardiac function in patients with heart failure, and MSCs therapy is expected to change the current treatment status of heart failure.