Abstract: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a severe electrical activity disorder of atrium, which seriously affects people’s health. Recent studies have found that there exists a “cholesterol paradox” in patient with atrial fibrillation, in which lower cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are associated with a higher risk of new onset or recurrent atrial fibrillation. Lipoprotein(a) Lp(a) is a special form of LDL, which has stronger atherogenic and thrombogenic effects and is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis, valvular calcification and thrombotic diseases. However, the correlation between Lp(a) and atrial fibrillation is still controversial. This paper reviews the latest literatures in recent years and summarizes the correlation between Lp(a) and the occurrence of AF and the risk of AF related stroke and thrombosis, aiming to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of AF.