Abstract: Since 2004, the incidence of congenital heart disease has risen to the first place in birth defects in China. Although the detection rate of congenital heart disease is getting higher and higher with the continuous development of medical technology, congenital heart disease is still an important cause of neonatal death and it brings a great economic burden to society and families. This article summarizes the current epidemiological characteristics of congenital heart disease in Chinese children, enhances the public awareness of congenital heart disease and provides reference for preventing and reducing the incidence of congenital heart disease.