Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is a serious disease that seriously affects human health. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can not only cause oxidative stress response directly involved in the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, but also induce the initiation of autophagy. This article describes the role of ROS and autophagy and the role of ROS-mediated autophagy in atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and heart failure so as to provide some new ideas for clinical prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.