κ-Opioid receptor stimulation exerts antiarrhythmic effects through negative regulation of angiotensin II/AT1 receptor pathway

Both opioid/κ-opioid receptor (κ-OR) pathway and angiotensin II (AngII)/AT1 receptor pathway are important pathways regulating the functions of the cardiovascular system. Although the myocardial protective function of κ-OR stimulation and the arrhythmic effect of AngII have been extensively investigated, whether the stimulation of κ-OR exerts antiarrhythmic effects through negative regulation of the Ang II/AT1 receptor pathway is still unclear. This review discusses the antiarrhythmic effect of κ-OR stimulation through negative regulation of AngII/AT1 receptor pathway and provides new insight into the prevention and treatment of arrhythmic diseases.