Clinical research progress in novel biomarkers of heart failure

The development of heart failure (HF) involves an interplay of multiple pathophysiological mechanisms including inflammation, tissue remodeling, neurohormonal and endocrine signaling, and interactions with the renal and nervous systems. Understanding of the biomarkers in HF is more comprehensive now as a result of the furthering of the exploration of the HF mechanism. In this paper we will briefly review some new biomarkers such as ST2, galectin-3 and cystatin C and their clinical values.