Association of TyG index with coronary artery lesions and one-year re-admission in coronary artery disease patients without traditional cardiovascular risk factors

  AIM  To explore the association of triglyceride glucose (TyG) with the severity of cardiovascular diseases and one-year re-admission rate in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients without traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs).

  METHODS  The data of 300 CAD patients without CVRFs (60 ± 9 years, 71.3% male) were analyzed. The following were considered as traditional CVRFs: systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg; fasting glucose ≥1260 mg/L; total cholesterol ≥2400 mg/L; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥1600 mg/L; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <4000 mg/dL; body mass index ≥24.0 kg/m²; current smoking status; and previous medical history of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia. The subjects were assigned to three groups based on their TyG index tertiles. Their coronary angiography characteristics were analyzed in a cross-sectional study and the relationship between TyG index and one-year re-admission rate was prospectively explored.

  RESULTS  The cross-sectional analysis showed that in CAD patients without traditional CVRFs, the incidence of left main disease, three-vessel disease, calcification lesion, total occlusive lesion and complex lesion, as well as Gensini score was in the order of TyG index tertile 3 >TyG index tertile 2 > TyG index tertile . The statistical difference between adjacent groups was P <0.05, and the cross group statistical difference was P< 0.01. In addition, CAD patients without traditional CVRFs in the highest TyG index tertile group were at an increased risk of severe CAD (OR=2.62) and the correlation was still statistically significant even after adjusting for potential cardiovascular risk factors , The statistical difference between adjacent groups was P<0.05, and the cross group statistical difference was P<0.01. Prospective analyses showed that the higher the TyG index tertile was, the higher the one-year re-admission rate in CAD patients without traditional CVRFs. After adjusting for other risk factors, the one-year re-admission rate of patients in the highest TyG index tertile group was nearly 3 times more than that of patients in the lowest TyG index tertile group.

  CONCLUSION  CAD patients without traditional CVRFs have more severe coronary artery lesions and an increased risk of one-year re-admission rate.