Recent advances of angiocrines in regulating heart growth

Angiogenesis is a key factor in maintaining the adaptive growth and regeneration of heart tissue. Endothelial cells (EC) are the main components of blood vessels. In addition to forming blood vessels to provide oxygen and nutrients to the heart tissue, EC can also regulate tissue homeostasis, growth, and regeneration through paracrine with multiple extracellular factors. In recent years, studies have found that EC can secrete neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) and other factors to regulate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, proliferation and apoptosis, which is an important factor affecting physiological and pathological heart growth and myocardial infarction. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the types of EC paracrine factors and their mechanism of action can provide new targets and strategies for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.