Progress and prospect in transcatheter mitral valve repair treatment of heart failure caused by mitral valve regurgitation

Mitral valve insufficiency is mainly caused by valve abnormality which gives rise to degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR)/primary MR and it also can be caused by secondary cardiomyopathy, which gives rise to functional MR/secondary MR. Though medical management can alleviate homologous symptoms, it cannot inhibit progression of the disease. Current guidelines recommend surgical treatment for moderate-to-severe (Grade > 3) MR in patients with symptoms or evidence of left ventricular dysfunction. However, related to many subjective and objective reasons, the majority of patients with severe MR are reluctant to choose surgery. Transcatheter mitral valve repair treatments have been developed and transcatheter mitral valve repair treatment mainly comes from a surgical repair technology. It is represented by means of edge to edge, artificial chords repair, and annuloplasty. Clinical applications of different kinds of instruments have achieved good results. Recently, the emergence of percutaneous interventional approaches in treating MR has offered new options for patients who are at high risk for conventional mitral valve (MV) surgery. In this article, we review the new advances of surgical treatments of heart failure caused from mitral regurgitation.