Abstract: Sarcoplasmic / endoplasmic reticulum( SR / ER),an intracelluar Ca2 +store,plays a pivotal role in regulating Ca2 +signals. Ca2 +homeostasis is exquisitely controlled by regulatory proteins in SR /ER,including ryanodine receptor( RyR),inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor( IP3R),sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2 +ATPase( SERCA) and stromal interaction molecule1( STIM1). Recent studies have shown that maintaining Ca2 +homeostasis is of great importance in maintaining normal cell physiological functions and signal transduction. Alterations in Ca2 +homeostasis are essential in the occurrence and development of various cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic heart disease,myocardial hypertrophy,hypertension and heart failure. This review is focused on the recent progress of SR / ER Ca2 +regulation in cardiovascular diseases,particularly the modulatory mechanisms of Ca2 +channels and related Ca2 +handling protein. Research on SR / ER Ca2 +regulation will provide promising strategies and potential targets for therapy of cardiovascular diseases.