Abstract: Sphingolipids constitutes cell membrane and serves as signaling molecules, engaging in cellular activities including apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation, proliferation and migration. Cardiovascular system is under the control of sphingolipids, deregulation of which relates closely to the development of multiple critical diseases. This review illustrates metabolism of sphingolipids, and focuses on the role of ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate in signaling pathway as well as in physiological and pathological adjustment of vascular system. Moreover, structural and functional remodeling of arteries secondary to weightless or simulated weightlessness and the contribution of sphingolipids are also ummarized.